Homelessness and the right to occupation and inclusion: an Australian perspective

Abstract

People experiencing homelessness are at risk of poor health and occupational injustice. Recent government initiatives have created an opportunity in Australia for occupational therapists to expand their role to meet the needs of the growing homeless population. The World Federation of Occupational Therapists position statement on human rights in relation to human occupation and participation provides a mandate for promoting health and wellbeing through occupation. A critical review of the literature was undertaken to identify the contribution of occupational therapy to homelessness. Secondary analysis of the findings of seventeen research studies on occupational therapy and homelessness demonstrates the occupational needs of people experiencing homelessness, the meaning of occupation to homeless people, and some evidence of the benefits of occupational therapy. It is proposed that future service provision should focus on both individual occupational engagement societal barriers that inhibit participation. Working in collaboration with people experiencing homelessness in partnerships will assist in addressing marginalisation of this group.